Asbestos is a silicate mineral that occurs naturally in the environment. It appears as tiny fibres that, on their own, are not visible to the naked eye. It is these fibres that can make you sick if they are inhaled.

Asbestos fibres were added to many building materials because they helped to strengthen them, as well as provide other benefits including improved insulation and heat-resistant properties.

The trick when it comes to remaining safe and healthy in the presence of asbestos is knowing which building materials these fibres were added to, and taking the appropriate care when coming into contact with them.

There are six different types of asbestos fibres. Three of these are classified specifically as White, Brown and Blue (they have long fancy names too, but let’s keep it simple!), while the other three remain unclassified.

All of the fibres are potentially life threatening, however, the Blue and Brown varieties are considered more dangerous. This is because their straight, sharp structure makes them more likely to lodge in your lungs if they are inhaled. ht/sharp structure of each makes them more likely to lodge in your lungs once inhaled.

Non-friable asbestos refers to products that are made up of asbestos fibres bonded with cement, vinyl, resin or other similar material. Non-friable products account for 97% of asbestos products, and as such, they are the ones you are most likely to encounter during home maintenance and renovation projects.

Common names in the community for products that are classified ‘non-friable’ include:

• fibro
• super six
• bonded asbestos
• asbestos cement sheets, or AC sheeting.

Examples of where non-friable asbestos products have been used in homes include (but are not limited to):

• wall cladding (interior and exterior)
• roofing
• eaves
• fences
• ridge capping
• vinyl floor tiles
• carpet underlay
• kitchen splashbacks
• thermal boards around fireplaces
• backing of electrical boards
• water or flue pipes.

To get an idea of what some common non-friable asbestos products look like, visit the Asbestos Awareness.

Friable asbestos products are less commonplace, however, they are more hazardous as the fibres are not encased in a bonded form like non-friable products. This means that they are in a better position to be released into the air and inhaled. It presents as a material that can be crumbled, pulverised or reduced to powder by hand pressure (not that we recommend you go around trying to crush suspected materials!). Friable asbestos products are more likely to give off dust, and it is this dust that contains the deadly asbestos fibres.

Examples of where friable asbestos has been used in homes include (but is not limited to):

• spray-on insulation or soundproofing
• asbestos-rope door gaskets in wood stoves
• insulation on hot water pipes, domestic heaters and stoves (lagging)
• backing material on floor tiles and vinyl flooring
• heat-resistant fabrics
• badly damaged/weathered non-friable asbestos cement products
• textured paints, decorative ceiling coatings.

Please note that non-friable products can become friable if they are sufficiently damaged, weathered or otherwise deteriorate.